FORM:
We use the base form of the verb without 'To'. Example: Go,Open, Close etc. Also, It's very important to notice that the command is given to you (Either singular or plural).
USE:
The imperative can be used to give:
- Direct orders: Stop disturbing me please.
- Warnings: Be careful please. It is hot.
- Instructions: Open it carefully. It is very fragile.
- Advice/Suggestion: Take care of your health.
- Requests: Stop by the office to pay the invoice please.
- Invitations: Come to our house for a weekend barbeque.
Use of the emphatic do with the imperative to emphasize what you want to say:
Example:
- Do write down your name at the beginning of this class.
A. Manifesto (the new mission & vision statement)
- Do think of our offer before looking at others.
B. Manifestos
Definition:: a written statement that describes the policies, goals, and opinions of a person or group
▪ The group's manifesto focused on helping the poor and stopping violence.
▪ A political party's manifesto like the communist manifesto
The manifesto is your foundation. It is a set of beliefs you hold so deeply that they can’t help but guide you. Your manifesto informs the decisions you make, the actions you take, and the trails you blaze. A manifesto is a way of life.
Have you ever heard,read or created one?
Look and read the following manifesto from an athletic apparel company and let's pluck out some of the interesting words and concepts and discuss them together:
http://static.lululemon.com/files/poster_EN_11x17_2012.pdf
Now it is your turn. Pick a company from the list below and based on the reading given, create a short manifesto based on the values shared through their actions. Write the manifesto using the imperative form (Base Form of Verb + Objects)
C. How and when to use the Present Perfect Tense?
E. Still, Yet and Already
***Still usually goes in the middle of the sentence with the verb.
Still is also possible in negative sentences(before the negative):
This is similar to 'she hasn't come yet'. But still.. not shows a stronger feeling of surprise or impatience. Compare:
Have you ever heard,read or created one?
Look and read the following manifesto from an athletic apparel company and let's pluck out some of the interesting words and concepts and discuss them together:
http://static.lululemon.com/files/poster_EN_11x17_2012.pdf
Now some questions:
- What did you think of it? Is there a central theme in this manifesto?
- Do you agree, disagree with some of the concepts written in this manifesto?
- Do you think that people may be encouraged or discouraged to buy from this company after reading the manifesto? Why or why not?
Let's look closely at another manifesto and discuss your observations.
The Holstee Manifesto Lifecycle Video from Holstee on Vimeo.
The Holstee Manifesto Lifecycle Video from Holstee on Vimeo.
What do you think of the manifesto?
What do you identify with personally?
What do you like about the manifesto?
Is there anything you don’t like?
Is it a good guide for life?
Is it too simplistic?
What would you change in this manifesto to have it to your liking?
Imagine that you are the head of a communication company hired to create this manifesto. Take 15 minutes to do this and then share it with the class.
- Patagonia (outdoor gear and apparel retailer)
- Clif Bar (energy food manufacturer)
- CamelBak (hydration products & accessories manufacturer)
OR pick your own from this page:100 best companies to work for
C. How and when to use the Present Perfect Tense?
This tense is called the present perfect tense. There is always a connection with the past and with the present and its use is based on whether it deals with a finished or unfinished action and whether the time in the past is specified or not.
| 1. Unfinished Actions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished actions that started in the past and continue to the present. Usually we use it to say 'how long' an action or state has continued with 'since' and 'for'
Note: We can't use the present perfect with a finished time word:
|
Still
We use still to say that a situation or action is continuing. It hasn't changed or stopped
- It's 10 o'clock and Abdullah is still in bed.
- When I went to bed, Mohammed was still working.
- Do you still want to go to the party or have you changed your mind?
***Still usually goes in the middle of the sentence with the verb.
Yet
Yet =' until now'. We use yet mainly in negative sentences ( I haven't finished yet) and questions (Have you finished yet?). yet shows that the speaker is expecting to happen.
***Yet usually goes at the end of sentence:
· It's 10 o'clock and Abdullah hasn't got up yet.
· I'm hungry. Is dinner ready yet?
· We don't know where we are going for our holidays yet.
We often use yet with present perfect ( Have you finished yet?).
Compare yet and still:
· Abdullah lost his job a year ago and is still unemployed.
Abdullah lost his job a year ago and hasn't found another job yet.
· Is it still raining?
Has it stopped raining yet?
Still is also possible in negative sentences(before the negative):
· She said she would be here an hour ago and she still hasn't come.
This is similar to 'she hasn't come yet'. But still.. not shows a stronger feeling of surprise or impatience. Compare:
· I wrote to him last week. He hasn't replied yet. (but I expect he will reply soon).
· I wrote to him months ago and he still hasn't replied. (he should have replied before now)
Already
We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected.
***Already usually goes in the middle of a sentence:
Here is a good recap of the uses of these adverbs:
http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammarchallenge/pdfs/gc_31_still_yet_already_explanation.pdf
Here is a short multiple choice quiz to evaluate your knowledge:
F. Tell me something about yourself...
Go over the following exercises and note the answers for all of the questions. We'll go over the questions in class
http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammarchallenge/pdfs/gc_31_still_yet_already_quizzes.pdf
***Already usually goes in the middle of a sentence:
- 'When is Sara going on holiday?' ' She has already gone.' (= sooner than you expected)
- Should I tell Fatima the news or does she already know?
Here is a good recap of the uses of these adverbs:
http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammarchallenge/pdfs/gc_31_still_yet_already_explanation.pdf
Here is a short multiple choice quiz to evaluate your knowledge:
F. Tell me something about yourself...
- List 3 beautiful/exotic places (countries, cities, regions, etc) that you want to visit but that you haven't yet (hint: use yet)
- List 3 memorable activities that you have done in the past (hint: use already)
- List 3 things that you plan to do but that you may not have started or you may have started but not finished (hint: use still)
Go over the following exercises and note the answers for all of the questions. We'll go over the questions in class
http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammarchallenge/pdfs/gc_31_still_yet_already_quizzes.pdf
H. If I could only master English conditionals
Conditional Sentences Type 1
Additional Exercises
That was a bad decision. If I (be) you, I would change it as soon as possible. 
Sunshine - at last! Imagine if the English weather was like this all the time. (it/not/be) wonderful?
He's usually pleasant, but when he's tired he (be) pretty short-tempered. That's the way he is.
If you (not/be) so stubborn you would find it a lot easier to keep your friends.
Sorry I didn't call you and tell you I wasn't coming. I would have called you if I (have) your number with me.
He says that if he (not/be) so busy he would go with you to the movie tomorrow. As it is, he simply has too much work to do.
We (miss) the bus unless you hurry.
If only I (have) more free time. All the things I would do. All I ever do is work.
I. What would you do if you were elected Mayor of Montpellier...
Your campaign manager is asking you to come up with ideas in the following topics:
| Structure of the first conditional | ||
| positive | negative | question |
| If I see him, I'll (I will) tell him. | If you don't hurry, you'll miss the bus. | What will you do if there is a problem? |
| Structure of the second conditional | ||
| positive | negative | question |
| If I had more time, I'd (I would) travel more. | I wouldn't (would not) refuse if you offered me $10,000. | What would you say if you met Queen Elizabeth? |
| If I were you, I'd leave the job. | I wouldn't (would not) leave the job if I were you. | Would you leave the job if you were me? |
| Structure of the third conditional | ||
| positive | negative | question |
| If I'd (I had) known you were coming, I would have waited for you. | If she hadn't (had not) been ill, she would have gone to the cinema. | Would you have done it if you'd (you had) known earlier? |
Conditional Sentence Type 1
→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future
Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.
Conditional Sentence Type 2
→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled. Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situations in the present. An action could happen if the present situation were different. I don't really expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine „what would happen if …“
Were instead of Was
In IF Clauses Type II, we usually use ‚were‘ – even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it –.
Example: If I were you, I would not do this.
Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Example: If I had more money, I wouldn't live here.
Conditional Sentence Type 3
→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled
Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)
Example: If I had taken that job, I would have made a lot of money.
Complete the Conditional Sentences Type I.
- If you (go) out with your friends tonight, I (watch) the football match on TV.
- I (earn) a lot of money if I (get) that job.
- If she (hurry / not) , we (miss) the bus.
Conditional Sentences Type 2
Complete the Conditional Sentences Type II.
- If he (try) harder, he (reach) his goals.
- I (buy) these shoes if they (fit) .
- It (surprise / not) me if he (know / not) the answer.
Conditional Sentences Type 3
Complete the Conditional Sentences Type III.
- If we (listen) to the radio, we (hear) the news.
- If you (switch) on the lights, you (fall / not) over the chair.
- She (come) to our party if she (be / not) on holiday.
Conditional Sentences Type 1-3
Complete the Conditional Sentences with the correct form (Type I, II or III).
- If I stronger, I'd help you carry the piano.
- If we'd seen you, we .
- If we him tomorrow, we'll say hello.
- He would have repaired the car himself if he the tools.
- If you drop the vase, it .
- If I hadn't studied, I the exam.
- I wouldn't go to school by bus if I a driving licence.
- If she him every day, she'd be lovesick.
- I to London if I don't get a cheap flight.
- We'd be stupid if we him about our secret.
Additional Exercises
That was a bad decision. If I (be) you, I would change it as soon as possible. Sunshine - at last! Imagine if the English weather was like this all the time. (it/not/be) wonderful? He's usually pleasant, but when he's tired he (be) pretty short-tempered. That's the way he is. If you (not/be) so stubborn you would find it a lot easier to keep your friends. Sorry I didn't call you and tell you I wasn't coming. I would have called you if I (have) your number with me. He says that if he (not/be) so busy he would go with you to the movie tomorrow. As it is, he simply has too much work to do. We (miss) the bus unless you hurry. If only I (have) more free time. All the things I would do. All I ever do is work. 
Your campaign manager is asking you to come up with ideas in the following topics:
- Education
- The Arts
- Security
- Employment
- Infrastructure
Write 2 sentences for each of the topics above describing what you would do if you were the mayor of Montpellier. Remember to use the Conditional Type II sentence structure to express your plans. Pressure is on, people whant to hear your ideas Mr candidate!
Additional Questions:
Additional Questions:
- If you were to interview Jean Pierre Moure after his defeat, what do you think he would tell you? Regrets? What conditional form would he use to express his regrets?
- If you had the opportunity to talk to voters about the the former mayor of Montpellier, Mme Mandroux, what do you think they would tell you in terms of things they wish she had done but never got around to doing them?
Aucun commentaire:
Enregistrer un commentaire